4GW is Alive and Well

Based on Lind’s article, I am not sure it is clear what Lind thinks 4GW actually is. Lind mixes numerous events and activities and presents them under the umbrella of 4GW while criticizing others like TX Hammes for failing to understand 4GW’s true meaning. Lind also makes the dramatic assertion that 4GW "marks the end of Clausewitz’s definition of war as politics carried out by other means" without offering any tangible concrete evidence for his assertion.  The fact that Clausewitz lived through the French Revolution and the disastrous wars it spawned suggests the opposite conclusion. In the last paragraph Lind suggests that an appropriate counter to the 4GW world is an Army that moves from "an inward-focused, centralized culture that prizes obedience over initiative to a culture that focuses outward, decentralizes to the greatest degree possible, and above all, rewards initiative."

Lind knows he is describing the Prussian-German concept of Auftragstaktik, something the US Army and Marine flag officers talk about, but neither genuinely understand nor execute.  For that matter, it’s anathema to senior military leadership of the US Armed Forces. Lind’s point is valid and lots of us agree having said similar things for decades. However, the need for a new and different military command culture divorced from current practice is independent of Lind’s notions of 4GW.

In truth, as humanity becomes more sophisticated and interconnected, humans develop new tools and techniques to do the same basic things people have always wanted and needed to do. One of those things involves the constant battle between those who create prosperity and those who loot and/or enslave.  Recorded history is filled with examples.  For the civilized peoples it is a never-ending battle, but it’s not new. Nietzsche said it best: “History is the eternal returning of the same.”

Lind’s argument that the fabric of much of the world of states is fraying is accurate, but it’s just not new and it’s happened repeatedly in history.   As Martin van Creveld noted ten years ago, there is nothing happening today in global military affairs that Marcus Aurelius would not recognize and understand.  Wars waged by state or non-state actors are brutal, destructive actions conducted for the same old reasons: power, influence, wealth, resources and vanity.

If there is anything new it is “non-kinetic" cyber-warfare, existing in parallel with [not replacing] centuries-old kinetic warfare [and its hypertrophic nuclear variant], as well as, millennia-old irregular or insurgent warfare.  In fact, many wars from the 100 Years’ War between England and the French to World War II involved everything from insurgency and criminality to nuclear weapons, but cyber-warfare, is a decidedly new battle space. For the moment, the terms of battle in cyber-space currently favor the Chinese, and to a lesser extent, criminal organizations fronting for the Russian government, and a host of other smaller powers.  But this condition is not permanent and the advantage will shift continually in the years ahead.  Yet, even in the age of cyber-warfare, there is a place whether it’s London or Boston for old-fashioned methods of espionage, sabotage, and subversion dating back to Neolithic times.   Even in the age of nuclear and precision-guided stand-off weapons, there is a place [albeit a less significant one] for small arms, edged weapons, and non-explosive traps and snares as we see in Libya and Nigeria.

However, adjusting the purpose and nature of our Armed Forces as Lind seems to suggest to cope with the deteriorating economies and dysfunctional societies of places like Syria, Mexico, Nigeria or Venezuela is a dangerous mistake.  Military intervention in these places is like tossing a two-gallon can of kerosene on a house fire and hoping it will put the fire out.  Intervention inevitably increases the killing and suffering. Whatever our military culture becomes, we cannot rescue decaying states and lawless regions with American military power.

We cannot fight the "dirty wars" Lind is describing “nicely.”  We cannot and should not fight irregulars,  insurgents, terrorists or whatever you want to call them on their own territory “nicely.”

When General Sir Bernard Montgomery was a Major in Ireland in 1920, he realized this was the case with the IRA and argued for a withdrawal when most of his peers and superiors wanted to “outlast the IRA.” As he put it, only Cromwellian measures would work and those measures were unacceptable to the British public and counter-productive internationally, as well as in Ireland. Montgomery was right. If Iraq had ever been truly important to American strategic interests, we would have crushed the opposition to our unwanted occupation in a week.  But it was not and like the British Army in Ireland, we withdrew.

In sum, Lind’s frustration with the misconduct of foreign and defense policy is widely shared by many of us inside and outside of the beltway. His criticism is valid. However, his confusing analysis and vague prescription are not.  Thus, I am not enamored of the application of the Marxist inspired generational framework to an understanding of current, future or past warfare. 4GW, “Hybrid Warfare,” ASB and a host of other alleged concepts and ideas that are fabricated inside the beltway. They address aspects of warfare. They are not guide posts for understanding larger strategic conditions nor are they the basis for national strategy, let alone military organization, training and modernization.

The American people and those to whom they entrust the task of conducting foreign and defense policy must simply be smart enough to smell what’s being shoveled.  Fortunately, it does seem the manure pile has grown so large the stench is actually waking people up.



4GW is Alive and Well

William S. Lind
Special to Slightly East of New

25 May 2013

So "the world simply didn't develop along the lines it (4GW) proposed"? How do you say that in Syriac?

The basic error in Chet Richards' piece of April 19, "Is 4GW dead?" is confusing the external and internal worlds. Internally, in the U.S. military and the larger defense and foreign policy establishment, 4GW is dead, as is maneuver warfare and increasingly any connection to the external world. The foreign policy types can only perceive a world of states, in which their job is to promote the Wilsonian nee Jacobin, follies of "democracy" and "universal human rights." They are in fact, 4GW's allies, in that their demand for "democracy" undermines states, opening the door for more 4GW.

In most of the world, democracy is not an option. The only real options are tyranny or anarchy, and when you work against tyranny, you are working for anarchy. The ghost of bin Laden sends his heartfelt thanks.

Third Generation doctrine has been abandoned, de facto, if not de jure, by the one service that embraced it, the U.S. Marine Corps. The others never gave it a glance. The U.S. military remains and will remain second generation until it disappears from sheer irrelevance coupled with high cost. That is coming much sooner than any of them think.

In the external world, meanwhile, fourth generation war is triumphing on almost all fronts. Somalia appears at the moment to be a setback. But elsewhere, the forces of stateless disorder (and there are many, not just AQ) have much to celebrate. The bottom line that defines victory or defeat for both states and non-states forces is one question: Is there a real state? A quick tour d'horizon shows spreading state failure. Libya is now effectively stateless, thanks to the "democracy" crowd in Europe and Washington. Fourth generation war is spreading from Libya into west Africa, where states are already largely fictions, Syria is now stateless. The Iraq created by the American invasion was always a Potemkin state, and 4GW there is growing fast, in part fueled from Syria. Fourth generation war is again kicking NATO's and the U.S.'s butt in Afghanistan, and entirely predictable outcome of invading the Graveyard of Empires. Far more dangerously, 4GW elements grow ever stronger in Pakistan, where the state is failing. Even in Egypt, which has been at least a proto-state for 5,000 years, the state is shaky.

In many of these cases, including Egypt and Pakistan, the only element strong enough to hold the state together is the army. But the "democracy" crowd in Washington immediately threatens aid cut-offs, sanctions, etc., if the army acts. Again, the children now running America's foreign policy are 4GW's best allies.

Fourth generation war includes far more than just Islamic "terrorism," and we see it gaining strength in areas far from the Middle East. Gangs have grown so powerful in Mexico, right on our border, that I predict the state will soon have to make deals with them, as the PRI has done in the past. Invasion by immigrants who do not acculturate is a powerful form of 4GW, more powerful than any terrorism, and that is occurring on a north-south basis (except Australia) literally around the world. Remember, most of the barbarians did not invade the Roman Empire to destroy it. They just wanted to move in. In fact, most were invited in. Sound familiar?

What should concern us most is precisely the disconnect between the internal and external worlds. Externally, 4GW is flourishing, while internally, in the US government and military, it does not exist. This is the kind of chasm into which empires can disappear.

Two quick additional notes:

1) Hammes's mis-definition of 4GW as merely insurgency as done a lot of damage because it lets the military and the government off the hook. They say, "Oh, OK, we know about that-nothing new here." That contributes to their refusal to face the reality that the state itself is in crisis.
2) As usual, Fabius Maximus has it right. I would disagree on only one point, where he says "4GW is a tool to produce political change." In part, for some 4GW elements, that is true. But 4GW is much broader than that. Many 4GW fighters are fighting for goals that have nothing to do with politics, ranging for impressing the local girls to loot to eternal salvation. Fourth generation warfare marks the end of Clausewitz's definition of war as politics carried out by other means. In many cases, it is simply "supply-side war," war driven by the large supply of young men with nothing to do but fight.

If the children now running our foreign policy and the mindless 'droids who head our armed services are ever replaced by serious adults, you will see two changes. First, our foreign policy will reflect the necessity of creating an alliance of all states against non-state, 4GW elements. Second, our armed services will focus on moving from a culture of second generation to that of the third, i.e., from an inward-focused, centralized culture that prizes obedience over initiative to a culture that focuses outward, decentralizes to the greatest degree possible, and above all, rewards initiative. Absent those two very large changes, the ship of state is going over the falls. My advice: Swim to shore while you still can.

William S. Lind is author of the Maneuver Warfare Handbook and director of the American Conservative Center for Public Transportation, where he also writes from time to time on national security issues. Many of his earlier articles (before December 2009)  are archived at DNIPOGO.  The views expressed here are his own.